Volume 2 - Issue 8

Statistical Hypothesis Testing Of the Increase in Wear Debris Size Parameters and the Deterioration of Oil
Manoj Kumar, P. S. Mukherjee, N. M. Misra

Abstract:-The effectiveness of lubricant diminishes with use. It also affects the condition of the surface which it is lubricating. Hence characteristics of the wear particles from the surface it is lubricating may change with the condition of the lubricant. This work attempts to investigate the morphological changes of wear particles with the oil degradation and can be helpful in finding the correlation between the two, the age of the oil and the morphology of wear debris. Wear particles from the two gear oil samples at substantial operating time interval were filtered and their images were captured using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). These images were binarized and size parameters of these binary images were extracted using blob analysis, using an image analysis software. Increase in these size parameters with oil ageing were investigated by statistical hypothesis testing at 5% significance level.
Keywords:- electron microscopy, ferrography, gear oil, mining, significance level.

AC Motor cooling system Analysis Based on Application Case Study
Mr. K. G. Bante, Mr. S. G. Tarnekar, Mr. D. R. Tutakane

Abstract:- It is always good to study the actual application to improve the performance of the motor. New analytical method for cooling and ventilation of induction motor to provide precise result in a short period. Now a day AC motor taken the place of DC motors even in variable speed requirement, In any plant AC motor are widely used from small to bigger . The cooling system of unregulated self ventilated motor operating in the heat area can be severely deteriorated by the dust and heat in the steel plant .As a result, these motors can become overheated even with operation current below the rated current. The cooling system of regulated motor with self or externally ventilated area can be severely deteriorated at lower speed in the steel plant. As a result, these motors can become overheated even with operation current below the rated current. Energy consumption by the air blower plays a vital role in optimizing the energy consumption. This article indicates that the loading pattern of the AC motor and speed should decide the control strategy for effective and efficient cooling arrangement.
Keywords:- Energy efficiency, Load Analysis, Mill operating condition, Rated Current, Regulated motor, unregulated motors.

Evaluation of Engineering Stresses as the "Correct" Measure of "Physical" Stresses in Large Strain Geometrically Nonlinear Problems
A. E. Mohmed, N. M. Akasha, F. M. Adam

Abstract:- In this paper, Lagrangian formulations for geometric nonlinear plane stress/strain problems based on different stress measures are evaluated. A Total Lagrangian formulation based on the exact Engineering strains is developed. The 2ndPiola-Kirchhoff stresses based on the well known Green strains and the Engineering stresses based on the exact Engineering (geometric or conventional) strains obtained from Total Lagrangian formulations are compared with the true Cauchy stresses. The Engineering stresses based on the assumption of small shear strains are also compared with the above mentioned stresses. Geometric nonlinear Total Lagrangian formulations applied on two-dimensional elasticity using 4-node plane finite elements were used. The formulations were implemented into the finite element program (NUSAP). The solution of nonlinear equations was obtained by the Newton-Raphson method. The program was applied to obtain stresses for the different strain measures. The true Cauchy stresses were obtained by using the Logarithmic strains. The evaluation was based on comparing the results of three numerical examples. For moderate and large strains, the exact Engineering stresses are good measures of the correct physical stresses. Thus, these must be used when the stresses are required from a Total Lagrangian solution.
Keywords:- Cauchy stresses, Engineering strain, Geometric Nonlinear, Plain stress/strain, Total Lagrangian.

Design and Development of a Crop Residue Crushing Machine
Jibrin M. U., Amonye M. C., Akonyi N. S., Oyeleran O. A.

Abstract:- Crops residues (CRs) are roughages that become available as livestock feeds after crops have been harvested. They are distinct from agricultural by-products (such as bran, oil cakes etc) which are generated when crops are processed. Generally any plant materials that remain after food crops have been harvested are classified as a crop residue. Apart from being a source of animal feed, residues are used as building, roofing and fencing materials, as fuel or surface mulch in crop land. (De LEEUW P. N. 1997). Farmers use crop residues mainly in two ways, e.g.: for fuel as firewood and minor constructions, especially maize and sorghum stovers; for roofing local houses, in the case of wheat, oath or barley straws; as building material for walls of local houses, especially teff straw. But the major use is for livestock feed particularly for draught oxen during dry season. Animals feed on crop residues mainly in two ways. The residues are pilled in stacks near homesteads and animals are left to eat from the stacks or given small quantity in the morning and evening, or for working oxen before and after work. Alternatively the residues are left in the threshing ground and consumed by animals together with the standing straws which are left for aftermath grazing.(KEFTASA 1987).Farm residues produce fifty eight percent of dependable livestock feed in the raining season. In the peak of the dry season, stubble pasture supplies more than ninety percent of livestock food. On these remnants, the herds spend about seventy-one percent of their time grazing. (IRO ISMAIL 2004).
Keywords:- CROP RESIDUE, CRUSHING, HERDSMEN, INSTITUTE, TECHNOLOGY

Strength of Blended Cement Sandcrete & Soilcrete Blocks Containing Sawdust Ash and Pawpaw Leaf Ash
L. O. Ettu, J. I. Arimanwa, F. C. Njoku, A. P. C. Amanze, U. G. Eziefula

Abstract:- This work investigated the compressive strength of binary and ternary blended cementsandcrete and soilcreteblocks containing sawdust ash (SDA) and pawpaw leaf ash (PPLA). 135 solid sandcrete blocks and 135 solid soilcrete blocks of 450mm x 225mm x 125mm were produced with OPC-SDAbinary blended cement, 135with OPC-PPLAbinary blended cement, and 135with OPC-SDA-PPLAternary blended cement, each at percentage OPC replacement with pozzolan of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%.Three sandcrete blocks and three soilcreteblocks for each OPC-pozzolan mix and the control were crushed to obtain their compressive strengths at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 50, 90, 120, and 150 days of curing.Binary and ternary blended cementsandcrete and soilcrete block strength values were found to be higher than the control values beyond 90 days of hydration at 5-20% OPC replacement with pozzolan. The 150-day strength values for OPC-SDA-PPLA ternary blended cement sandcreteand soilcrete blocks were respectively 6.00N/mm2and 5.20N/mm2 for 5% replacement, 5.90N/mm2and 5.10N/mm2 for 10% replacement, 5.75N/mm2and 5.00N/mm2for 15% replacement, and 5.70N/mm2and 4.90N/mm2for 20% replacement; while the control values were 5.20N/mm2 and 4.80N/mm2. Thus, OPC-SDA and OPC-PPLA binary blended cements as well as OPC-SDA-PPLA ternary blended cement could be used in producing sandcrete and soilcreteblocks with sufficient strength for use in building and minor civil engineering works where the need for high early strength is not a critical factor.
Keywords:- Binary blended cement, pawpaw leaf ash, pozzolan, sandcrete block, sawdust ash, soilcrete block, ternary blended cement.

Reducing Power Consumption during Test Application by Test Vector Ordering
Desai Naincy Nareshbhai

Abstract:- In VLSI, during test, test power and test time have been the major issues. The test data compression is the well known method used to reduce the test time. In this paper, I describe the algorithm for don't care assignment and hamming distance based technique. The proposed approach is based on a re-ordering of the vectors in the test sequence to minimize the switching activity of the circuit during test application.
Keywords:- Data Compression, IP Core based SoC, Don't Care Bit Filling, MT-fill technique, Hamming distance based technique, Switching activity, Peak power, Average power.

Adaboost Clustering In Defining Los Criteria of Mumbai City
A. K. Patnaik, A. K. Das, A. N. Dehury, P. Bhuyan, U. Chattraj, M. Panda

Abstract:- An urban area are those locations where there is an opportunity for a diversified living environment, diverse lifestyle, people live, work, enjoy themselves in social and cultural relationships provided by these proximities of an urban area. But urban roads are substantive in urban areas for communication purpose. Subsequently India has a populated country it has a second largest road network in the world. Owing to boastfully population, the congestion is growing at zip, zap, zoom speed as thousands of heterogeneous vehicles are added to the urban roads in India, afterward India is a uprose country, the Level Of Service (LOS) is not passable defined. According to HCM 2000 , the LOS criteria of roads delineate for homogeneous traffic flow. Afterward india has a modernized country having heterogeneous traffic flow occurs with different operational features. Delineating LOS is essentially a compartmentalization trouble. The diligence of clustering analysis is the worthiest proficiency to lick the problem. Adaboost algorithm is large margin learning algorithm used to lick the compartmentalization trouble. Five cluster validation parameter is utilized to square up the optimal no clusters. After acquiring optimal no of clusters , adaboost algorithm was first implemented to the free flow speed data to get FFS ranges of different urban street class. Adaboost algorithm method was enforced to average travel speed data to specify the speed ranges of different LOS categories which have ascertained to be lower than evoked HCM 2000 on account of physical and surrounding environmental characteristics.
Keywords:- Urban roads, Level of service (LOS), Clustering analysis, adaboost algorithm, Free flow speed (FFS), Average travel speed.

Experimental Analysis of Small Internetwork using OPNET 9.1
Rajwinder Kaur, Amrinder Kaur

Abstract:- Internetworking is the communication between two or more networks and it encompasses every aspect of connecting computers together. Internetworks have grown to support vastly disparate end-system communication requirements. An internetwork requires many protocols and features to permit scalability and manageability without constant manual intervention. The paper presents an experimental analysis of such a small internetwork which can be used in offices or organizations. The simulation of the network has been done using OPNET 9.1. It was observed that even with the increase in load of the servers, the delay remains almost constant.
Keywords:- Small internetwork, delay, load, OPNET 9.1, IT Guru Academic Edition.

Performance Analysis of GDFT with Non Linear Phase on Real Time System
Mr. Umesh Sakhare, Prof. Lalit Dole

Abstract: Abstract: Cellular phone communication (CPC) has been developed throughout the world. During the development of CPC, Quality of Service (QoS) needs to maintain. To maintain QoS the requirement of CPC is to be satisfied. For CPC there are two techniques which are dominating with each other GSM and CDMA. This paper is dealing with CDMA technology and their requirement. CDMA technology uses the spreading code in order to improve frequency band spectrum. CDMA technology is based on wide-band and to improve the band spectrum, spreading code is used. Binary sequence like pseudo random sequence (PN-Sequence), m-ary sequences can be used as spreading code in wireless communication. Spreading codes are used to increase the spread spectrum and proper utilization of the bandwidth. Spreading code is having better result in wireless communication. The various spreading codes like M-ary Binary sequences, Gold codes, Walsh codes and Constant modulus function set (GDFT) used in various applications like Discrete Multi-tone, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
Keywords: Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform, Bandwidth, Auto-Correlation function, Cross-Cross Correlation function, Bit Interference, PN Sequence, CDMA, Gold Codes, Walsh Codes, Discrete Fourier Transform.